| Battle of Kula Gulf | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Pacific Theater of World War II | ||||||
USS Helena and St. Louis in action at Kula Gulf, seen from USS Honolulu | ||||||
| ||||||
| Belligerents | ||||||
| United States | Japan | |||||
| Commanders and leaders | ||||||
| Walden L. Ainsworth | ||||||
| Units involved | ||||||
| Task Group 36.1 | 3rd Destroyer Squadron | |||||
| Strength | ||||||
| 3 light cruisers, 4 destroyers | 10 destroyers | |||||
| Casualties and losses | ||||||
| 1 light cruiser sunk, 168 killed[1] | 2 destroyers sunk, 2 destroyers damaged 324 killed[2] | |||||
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The naval Battle of Kula Gulf (Japanese: クラ湾夜戦) took place in the early hours of 6 July 1943 during World War II and was between United States and Japanese ships off the coast of Kolombangara in the Solomon Islands.
- 2Battle
Background[edit]
On 5 July, United States NavyTask Group 36.1 (TG 36.1)—commanded by Rear AdmiralWalden L. Ainsworth and consisting of the light cruisersUSS Honolulu(CL-48), USS St. Louis(CL-49), and USS Helena(CL-50), plus four destroyers, had received word of another 'Tokyo Express' mission down 'the Slot' in the Solomon Islands, and the task group proceeded northwest past New Georgia Island.
The Allies were in the process of launching their next offensive in the Solomon Islands, having just landed troops on the island of Rendova as a preliminary step to seizing the major Japanese airstrip at Munda on New Georgia Island. In support of this landing, which was to set up an initial beachhead for moving U.S. troops across Blanche Channel to New Georgia, Admiral Ainsworth had the night before conducted a cruiser bombardment of Vila on Kolombangara Island and Bairoko on New Georgia and, short of fuel and ammunition, was in the process of retiring to the Coral Sea to replenish. A U.S. Marine landing was scheduled on the northern shore of New Georgia on 10 July, that would require further naval support.
Battle[edit]
At 01:06 off Kolombangara, the task group came into contact with a Japanese reinforcement group commanded by Admiral Teruo Akiyama which consisted of ten destroyers loaded with 2,600 combat troops that were bound for Vila, which they used as a staging point for moving into Munda. The Japanese were divided into two forces, a formation of three escorts trailing the main column first came under attack.
The U.S. ships opened fire at 01:57, firing 612 shells in 21 minutes and six seconds, quickly sinking the destroyer Niizuki and killing Admiral Akiyama. However, Helena had expended all of her flashless powder the previous night, she was forced to use smokeless powder, thus illuminating herself to the Japanese ships with every salvo. Two of the Japanese destroyers launched their Long Lancetorpedoes and hit Helena, fatally damaging her. The main Japanese force, which had countermarched away from Vila with the first contact, then broke away, having landed only 850 of the 2,600 troops. The Japanese destroyer Nagatsuki ran aground, while Hatsuyuki was damaged.
Both forces began to withdraw from the area, but one Japanese and two American destroyers remained to rescue survivors. At about 05:00, the destroyers Amagiri and USS Nicholas exchanged torpedoes and gunfire. Amagiri was hit and retired. The beached Nagatsuki was abandoned by her crew in the morning, she was bombed and destroyed by American aircraft.
Collateral Damage[edit]
At the same time as this battle was unfolding, another US naval task force of two destroyers, USS Strong and USS Chevalier had entered Bairoko Harbor nearby to provide shelling support for US Troops landed at Rice Anchorage earlier that day. In the early hours of the morning a torpedo was spotted closing which hit the USS Strong on her port side aft, which resulted in the loss of the destroyer.
The fatal Type 93 torpedo was a wayward Long Lance which came from a salvo fired by the Japanese destroyers, led by Niizuki, heavily engaged in the separate naval action with American light cruisers and destroyers detailed above, from a distance of 11 nautical miles (20 km), and is believed to be longest-range successful torpedo attack in history!
Aftermath[edit]
The destroyers USS Radford and Nicholas both stayed behind to rescue survivors from Helena. While rescuing over 750 men, Radford and Nicholas had to reengage the enemy three times, they were awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for their rescue. Amagiri escaped and later rammed and cut in half the motor torpedo boatUSS PT-109, captained by future President of the United StatesJohn F. Kennedy (1917-1963), in Blackett Strait southwest of Kolombangara on August 2.
Namesake[edit]
The U.S. Navy escort aircraft carrierUSS Kula Gulf—in commission from 1945-1946, 1951-1955, and 1965-1969—was named for this battle.
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Battle of Kula Gulf. |
Notes[edit]
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- ^Morison, Breaking the Bismarcks, p. 194.
- ^Nevitt, Combinedfleet.com, [1] & Morison, Breaking the Bismarcks, p. 174. Breakdown of deaths by ship: Niizuki-300, Amagiri-10, Nagatsuki-8, and Hatsuyuki-6.
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References[edit]
- Brown, David (1990). Warship Losses of World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN1-55750-914-X.
- Crenshaw, Russell Sydnor (1998). South Pacific Destroyer: The Battle for the Solomons from Savo Island to Vella Gulf. Naval Institute Press. ISBN1-55750-136-X.
- D'Albas, Andrieu (1965). Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II. Devin-Adair Pub. ISBN0-8159-5302-X.
- Day, Ronnie (2016). New Georgia: The Second Battle for the Solomons. Indiana University Press. ISBN0253018773.
- Dull, Paul S. (1978). A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941-1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN0-87021-097-1.
- Domagalski, John J. (2012). Sunk in Kula Gulf: The Final Voyage of the USS Helena and the Incredible Story of Her Survivors in World War II. Potomac Books Inc. ISBN1597978396.
- Hara, Tameichi (1961). Japanese Destroyer Captain. New York & Toronto: Ballantine Books. ISBN0-345-27894-1.
- Hone, Thomas C. (1981), 'The Similarity of Past and Present Standoff Threats', Proceedings of the U.S. Naval Institute, Annapolis, Maryland (Vol. 107, No. 9, September 1981), pp. 113–116, ISSN0041-798X
- Kilpatrick, C. W. (1987). Naval Night Battles of the Solomons. Exposition Press. ISBN0-682-40333-4.
- McGee, William L. (2002). 'Operation TOENAILS'. The Solomons Campaigns, 1942-1943: From Guadalcanal to Bougainville--Pacific War Turning Point, Volume 2 (Amphibious Operations in the South Pacific in WWII). BMC Publications. ISBN0-9701678-7-3.
- Morison, Samuel Eliot (1958). Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier, vol. 6 of History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Castle Books. ISBN0-7858-1307-1.
- Roscoe, Theodore (1953). United States Destroyer Operations in World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN0-87021-726-7.
External links[edit]
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Battle of Kula Gulf. |
Coordinates: 7°58′00″S157°04′00″E / 7.9667°S 157.0667°E
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